Electronic hardware filters can be classified into two types: active and passive. Active Filters: Filter circuits that consist of active components like transistors and op amps with passive components like resistors, capacitors, etc., are called active filters. Passive filter: Filter circuits that consist of only a resistor, capacitor, and inductor and are tuned to resonate…

ESP32 is a powerful 32-bit controller that clocks at speeds 160~240 MHz. Designed for IoT, the controller has on-chip Wi-Fi (40 MHz), Bluetooth 4.0, Bluetooth Low Energy, CAN, and an Ethernet interface. With 34 GPIO, 18 analog pins, 16 software PWM channels, 4 SPI ports, 2 I2C ports, 2 I2S ports, and 2 UART ports,…

增材制造或3D打印比以往任何时候都更实惠。尽管一些业余爱好者购买了用于工艺品的打印机，但它还是用于创新电子或机器人项目的出色工程工具。通常，打印机提供免费的3D型号或免费下载的免费下载。最终，您可能想…

In this article, we will learn about various filter responses. A filter response helps to understand the difference between a filter’s input signal and output signal. Keeping an eye on filter responses is necessary to analyze their behaviors. To have a better understanding of the processed signal, it is important to analyze that signal and…

可以(控制器区域网络)协议开发eloped by the European automotive electronics company Robert Bosch GmbH in 1983 for in-vehicle networks. The intention behind the development of the CAN protocol was to enable robust data communication between different Electronic Control Units (ECU) and Microcontroller Control Units (MCU) of a vehicle on a single wire…

电子商务不再是新颖的。交付到家门口的在线购物已成为一种典型的千禧一代生活方式。电子商务行业的骨干是运输和物流部门。但是，运输公司面临的最大挑战是及时以最低的成本交付订单。数字化通过提供实时跟踪来有所帮助…

LiDAR is an acronym for light detection and ranging, an optical technology for sensing distance. Early attempts to measure distance by light beams were first made in the ’30s, and airborne LiDAR became more commonly used in the ’60s, with geospatial measurements beginning in the ’80s. As the technology evolved, LiDAR’s uses continued to expand.…

DC电源在几乎所有需要调节电压的设备中都使用。DC转换器实现了直流转换的过程。DC转换器有两种类型：巴克转换器 - 沿输入源电压升压转换器向下步骤 - 踩下输入源电压转换拓扑线性调节器 - …

为了更好地理解过滤器的功能和性能，有一些数学功能在理论上代表过滤器，例如传输功能，质量因子和截止频率。了解这些术语将使了解过滤器属性更容易。术语（定义）传输函数：操作通路电路的输入和输出可以是电压，电流或…

Generally, Arduino boards can only serve as USB slaves. They cannot operate as USB hosts. That is why it is impossible to connect USB devices like a USB keyboard or mouse directly to Arduino. These generic USB devices can be a lot useful in many applications. For example, in some applications, a 4X4 keypad might…

Filtering is a technique used to retain the wanted components and remove the unwanted components from the input signal of the system. In signal processing, this can be done by filtering out all other frequencies while retaining a specific frequency range. The signal can be filtered by using two types of filters: software and hardware.…

MQTT protocol is a widely used machine-to-machine communication protocol and an OASIS standard messaging protocol for the Internet of Things (IoT). With a small footprint of less than 80 Kb, MQTT is simple and based on a publish-subscribe system. The key component is the MQTT broker. IoT devices communicating over this network are called MQTT…

Very-large-scale integration or VLSI chips integrate several high-level components, which are highly sophisticated gate-level circuits. Semiconductor Intellectual Property (IP) is the standard source for synthesizing higher-level components in VLSI chips or FPGA boards. Semiconductor IPs typically provide the hardwired, implementable design of one of the following: A transform An encryption or deciphering algorithm The adaptive…

Home automation is quickly becoming mainstream, letting residents easily connect with and remotely control appliances or security systems. To support these efforts, there are several popular “smart” home systems available, such as Amazon Hub, Google Nest, Amazon Echo, Apple HomeKit, Hue Smart Hub, and others. For the hobbyist or do-it-yourselfer (DIY), customized home automation systems…

Connecting embedded microcontrollers to the internet is a crucial task in modern applications. The embedded controllers, particularly in consumer devices and wearables, now essentially require ping online. This is more important as the devices are getting smarter. Connecting to the internet is not just crucial but a hefty task as well. The typical TCP/IP stack…

The communication technologies used by IoT devices to communicate data with each other are called IoT networks. Some the examples of IoT networks are cellular networks like LTE-M and NB-IoT, WiFi, Bluetooth Low Energy, Sigfox, LoraWAN, Zigbee, RFID, and Ethernet. IoT devices are usually connected via wireless communication technologies. In some rare cases, you may…

Robots are a perfect example of how electronics can precisely and accurately perform mechanical jobs. Over the past decades, the scope and definition of robots has extended far from the realms of mechanical tasks. Now, robots are imagined to automate everything possible, including communication and intelligence. A cause behind this is an attempt to replicate…

3D printing has never been so affordable, with printer costs as low as $200 to $1500 for home use. This lets hobbyists delve into various electronics and robotics projects that require 3D-printed parts. For example, many open-source humanoid robot projects use 3D parts. However, the printing requirements differ per project. A desktop gamer might want…

在我以前的教程系列中，在OLED显示器上显示传感器数据（值）中，使用LM35显示电位计值和温度，我已经解释了如何显示电位计，LM35，LM35，土壤水分传感器，DHT，HC SR04等不同传感器的值在小1英寸的OLED显示屏上。这次，我将演示并解释如何…

Power consumption of the embedded controller is a primary concern in low power design. Arduino boards are often used in devices that rely on battery or solar charging. Such devices often deploy far from the power line to have periodic battery replacement or are mobile devices designed for periodic charging cycles. In such a case,…