These days’ traffic congestion is the biggest problem of densely populated cities. The project focuses mainly on three areas – priority mechanism for emergency vehicles like Ambulances, Fire Engines to control the traffic density for their smooth passage and monitoring the traffic junction. This project is a replica of a four way lane crossing in real time scenario. The project proposes primarily the problems faced by emergency vehicles. RFID concept is used to make green for the Ambulances lane and thus providing a stoppage free way for the Ambulance.The secondary, importance is given to controlling the traffic density by placing IR sensors used to measure the density of vehicles which are fixed at a fixed distance. If the traffic density is high on particular side, more priority is given for the side where the vehicular traffic is more and green signal is given to this side of the traffic. By using this system traffic can be cleared without irregularities and time delays. A Wireless camera is used to monitor the vehicular traffic time and also monitor the problems which might occur at the junction. A specific allocation of time is given way for smooth passage for pedestrians.

The GPS receiver is used to get accurate geographical location by receiving information from satellites. It receives information from satellites and gives location information in terms of latitude and longitude. It gives latitude and longitudes with accuracy of degree-minute-second. Using this latitude and longitude co-ordinates one can easily trace out the location on entire globe. The GPS receivers have enormous applications.The GPS receiver gives output serially in form of strings with NMEA 0183 protocol. These strings are received serially by host computer or host processor/controller for display or to take any decision or action. The following figure shows the output of GPS receiver on hyper terminal of desktop computer.

The project aims at controlling a wheelchair by means of human voice. It enables a disabled person to move around independently, using a voice recognition application which is interfaced with motors.The prototype of the wheelchair is built using a micro-controller, chosen for its low cost, in addition to its versatility and performance in mathematical operations and communication with other electronic devices. The system has been designed and implemented in a cost effective way so that if our project is commercialized the needy users in developing countries will benefit from it.

This project is about interfacing RF (Radio Frequency) module with the 8051 microcontroller. These RF 1modules help us in sending and receiving the data wirelessly up to certain distance. This provides us the ease of wireless data transferring. There are many forms of wireless technologies which can transfer the data such as Bluetooth modules, ZigBee modules, and Wi-Fi modules.RF is one of them. It’s a lot cheaper and works quite well for small scale projects. These modules are really easy to deal with. They jus1t require the data to be transferred serially and VCC+GND supply of course.

Want to know why your monthly Electricity bills are “so high”? Take a closer look at the Lights or Fans, when a person inside the room leaves the room hastily, He or She unknowingly leaves the Lights switched on.So, what next? The only way for this is Intelligent Automated Home Lighting System. In this system when a person enters the room the tube lights are switched on automatically. The light switches go off automatically when there is no body inside the room. The whole Intelligent Automated Home Lighting System is now at the tip of your motion. As one moves inside the room the bulb switches on and as one leaves the room it switches off.

This project named “RFID BASED ATTENDANCE SYSTEM” is based on RFID as the name suggests. In this project our aim is to make a note of every employee entering the room and also to calculate the amount of time person resides in room. Before company used to enter the data in register and it was bit clumsy. Company then thought of going for barcode but barcode was not that much durable? Barcode requires continuous line of sight, low data capacity, cannot be rewritten etc. due to this problems barcode cannot be used. So RFID is the solution of all problems. It is quite easy to work with. Tags con be reconfigured if read/write tags are used. Range can be improved by using high frequency reader. It can also add to security. By programming many other facilities can be added.

Now a day’s everyone needs a device which could control appliances wirelessly. This makes us to operate them on our fingertips from particular vicinity with ease.This time I have done something like this, I have created a prototype of a device which controls 4 devices/appliances separately using RF (Radio Frequency) technology. The device comprises of two sections: Transmitting (remote) and Receiving part. The transmitting part works as a remote device to send the corresponding data to the receiver section. It further consists of 4 SPDT (single pole double throw) switch, one Encoder IC (HT12E) and a TX module (433 MHz). These 4 switches are connected to the 4 data pins of the encoder IC to generate a 4-bit data to be transmitted. The switches provide either high (+5V) or low (0V) signal levels.

This is a 2 player game, based on 8051 microcontroller AT89S52. This game features two push buttons (one for each player) and an array of 8 LEDs for each. It demands high reflexes, as you have to push button as fast as you can. Each press would help the successive LED to glow until all the 8 LEDs are on. The competition is about how fast you can toggle (Press and then un-press) the buttons, greater your speed of pressing push button, greater will be your chance of winning. As soon as any of the two players reach the last LED, the push button of another player will get deactivated, which means it will not respond to the push. Also the LEDs of the winner will start toggling. This will ensure the accurate after results. To restart the game, press the reset button (button connected to pin 9 on microcontroller).

实时时钟是一个数字时钟，可在16×2 LCD显示屏上实时显示。在此电路中，我们还可以设置警报和时间。DS1307串行实时时钟（RTC）是低功率，完整的二进制编码十进制（BCD）时钟/日历加上NV SRAM的56字节。地址和数据通过I²C，双向总线串行传输。时钟/日历提供秒，分钟，小时，日，日期，日期，月和年度信息。月末自动调整几个月，少于31天，包括leap年的更正。时钟以AM/PM指示器的24小时或12小时格式运行。

在普通开关板中，我们必须手动且经常站起来并手动操作开关，以便浪费时间，它也用于使用与电动设备相连的语音识别应用程序，也用于为残障人士操作。该总机的原型是使用微控制器（以低成本选择）构建的，此外其在数学操作中的多功能性和性能以及与其他电子设备的通信。该系统的设计和实施以具有成本效益的方式，因此，如果我们的项目商业化，则发展中国家的有需要的用户将从中受益

What is a Timer A timer is a clock that controls the sequence of an event while counting in fixed intervals of time. It is used for producing precise time delay. Secondly, it can be used to repeat or initiate an action after/at a known period of time. This feature is very commonly used in…

Interrupt is one of the most important and powerful concepts and features in microcontroller/processor applications. Almost all the real world and real time systems built around microcontrollers and microprocessors make use of interrupts. What is Interrupt The interrupts refer to a notification, communicated to the controller, by a hardware device or software, on…

在大多数的制造业,它是要求的uired to rotate DC/AC motor forward and reverse alternatively for desired time. First motor rotates forward (clockwise) for some time (say few minutes or even seconds). Then it stops for some time. Again it rotates reverse (anticlockwise) for some time and stops. This process continues. For example, in automated bottle filling plant, the bottles are moving on conveyor belt. When it comes under filler, the filler comes down (that means motor attached with mechanism rotates forward) then it fills the bottle (that means motor stops) again it goes up (motor rotates reverse) and stops until next bottle arrives. For moving filler up and down the time of rotating motor forward and reverse is calibrated and fixed. Also the motor stop time is calibrated based on time required to fill the bottle and the next bottle arrives.

工业安全是行业特别采矿业的主要方面之一。在采矿业，安全是一个非常重要的因素。为了避免材料损失和人类健康的破坏，地下矿山内有必要保护系统以及忠实的沟通系统。为了提高矿山的安全性和生产率，必须在工人，在矿山和固定基站之间建立可靠的通信。内部地雷，有线通信系统不太有效，因为电线可能会损坏矿山。在这个项目中，我们将监视诸如异常气体，温度和火灾传感器之类的矿山参数，以避免有害气体或高温攻击地雷工人。在此项目中，旨在避免由于使用文本来语音转换器而造成人类健康的材料损失和损害人类健康。语音转换器在矿工工人内部继续提供信息，并且相机也用于视频监视。

该机器人使用Zigbee通过无线技术通过PC操作，并使用无线摄像机可以在电视上查看音频和视频。该机器人具有高功率LED，当管道内部的光强度低时，该机器人用作光源。这是一种低成本机器人，用于监视工业管道中不同参数的变化。通过将温度传感器连接到机器人，我们可以在PC本身中获得危险区域的温度。通过将烟雾传感器连接到机器人，我们可以在各个领域获得信息相关的烟雾或气体浓度。

LED点矩阵显示器由LED的矩阵组成，该矩阵以矩形配置排列。可以通过打开 /关闭LED的所需配置来显示所需的字符或图形。可用的公共显示配置为7×5、8×8、7×15，等等。LED点矩阵可以在简单的显示应用程序中使用，而分辨率不是很大的问题。下图显示了在典型的7×5点矩阵显示器中LED的排列。可以通过切换所需的行数和列来激活矩阵​​中的任何单个LED或一组LED。

This project uses DTMF technology to control home appliances. DTMF stands for Dual Tone Multi Frequency.This DTMF based system can control home appliances via mobile phone communication from anywhere around the world.This facilitates the user to operate anything on his fingertips.It requires two cell phones to operate properly; one of them will always remain in touch with the circuit and another to place a call on that phone.

该安全系统使用激光光和LDR的组合。LDR模块具有调节LDR的灵敏度的机载电位计，因此它只能感知激光落在其上。该概念非常简单，并且与我们在电影中看到的，无价的装饰在激光灯下受到保护。有人越过这些灯，警报声表明未经授权的存在。在正常情况下，该项目的工作原理类似，在LDR上总是有激光灯，LDR模块始终给微控制器发出高信号

Line follower robot is a bot which can follow a particular line. Its a very good project to start with, for people who are interested in robotics and embedded systems.In this case, it will follow a black line on a contrasting white background surface.This bot comprises of a sensor section, driver section and a microcontroller to process the sensor values and correspondingly operate the motor driver section.Sensor section consists of IR sensors (2 in this case)Driver section involves the working of geared DC motors (via L293D IC)

Temperature controllers are used in most of the manufacturing industries. The industries like textile mill, pharmaceutical industry, oil refinery etc. all requires temperature controller. The temperature controllers are used to maintain constant temperature of process or plant or any material. In such temperature controller system there is one reference temperature called set point or set temperature that is the desired temperature that must be maintained. This reference temperature is set by external means. Also it can be always adjustable according to requirements. Once this temperature is set the system tries to maintain it by sensing the current temperature and controlling it using heater, cooler or compressor etc.