The main source of power is usually the AC Mains. The Mains Supply is used to charge a battery through the charger circuit. The battery provides the power backup when the mains supply is cut off. A battery stores electrical energy in the form of DC current. The power backup is provided by connecting the load circuit to the inverter. The inverter draws the power from the charged battery on power failure, converts back the DC power to AC power and provides power backup to the load. This is how any basic UPS works.

In the previous tutorial, Online UPS was assembled from its basic building blocks like Lead Acid battery Charger, Square Wave Inverter and Modified Sine Wave Inverter. Now in this tutorial, offline UPS will be designed. The Offline UPS is one of the topologies of UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply). In UPS system, the term topology refers to the switching mechanism of the UPS system. Contrary to online UPS, in offline UPS, the load circuit is initially directly powered by the AC mains. On the failure of power supply, the power failure is detected by a switching circuit and the power is provided to the load through the battery and inverter after the power failure has already occurred. So, in the offline UPS, the load experiences the power cutoff once before it receives the power backup from the UPS.

在设计UPS电路时，在逆变器电路中使用了MOSFET。MOSFET用作电路中的高侧开关。为了以高侧配置驱动MOSFET，使用了IR2110栅极驱动器IC。IR2110是一个高低的侧门驱动器IC，与Power MOSFET和IGBT一起使用。栅极驱动程序是专门设计的电路，用于在高侧交换应用中驱动MOSFET或IGBT的门。这意味着，当MOSFET/IGBT用于高侧配置时，则需要使用门口IC。在本教程中，将讨论一些重要的概念，例如MOSFET的高和低侧切换，栅极驾驶员电路的需求和高侧MOSFET的驾驶方法。这些概念将使MOSFET作为开关的工作清除，因此可以证明在逆变器电路中使用MOSFET作为开关组件。

在前面的教程中,讨论了佛r driving a MOSFET as high side switch, a gate driver circuit needs to be used. The IR2110 IC is one of the high speed and high voltage gate driver ICs for IGBT and power MOSFET. The IC is having independent low and high side output channel. By using a single IC, a half bridge circuit can be operated in which one MOSFET is in high side configuration and another one is in the low side configuration. For driving the high side MOSFET, this IC uses a bootstrap circuit which otherwise could have to be designed externally. Before using this IC for driving the half or full bridge circuit, it is necessary to test the faultiness of the IC. A faulty IC can give unstable output and may blow up the MOSFET or other components in the circuit. In this tutorial, the method to test the IR2110 IC is discussed.

不间断电源(UPS)是一种选择ronics device which supplies power to a load when main supplies or input power source fails. It not only acts as an emergency power source for the appliances, it serves to resolve common power problems too. Any UPS has a power storage element which stores energy in the form of chemical energy like the energy is stored in batteries.It is like energy is stored in the form of motion in a flywheel. That is why these devices are also called battery backup or flywheel backup. The UPS not only provides emergency power, they also help to sort out common power related issues like providing protection from input power interruptions, protection from overvoltage, output voltage regulation and stabilization.

Everyone must be familiar with the term – Switched Mode Power Supply or SMPS. Yes, they are used in every personal computer. In fact, the Switched Mode Power Supply is widely used with many other devices. Once it is understood that what SMPS actually is, its countless applications can be easily imagined. An SMPS is used for converting the electronic power supply efficiently. Any SMPS has some storage components which store electrical energy to supply to the load device and some switching components which turn on and off at high frequencies charging and discharging the storage components.

The power supply is the mainstay for every electronic device. As the name suggests power supply are power providers for any circuit. Every electronic circuitry needs a proper power supply at the input for its optimum result at the output. We need to choose the power supply of any device or circuit as per the power requirements of the device. In this experiment, we are making an adjustable power supply, which will give voltage in the range of +/- 1.25 V to +/-22V with 1A as maximum current.

顾名思义，电源是任何电路的电源提供商。每个电子电路都需要在输入的输入下进行适当的电源，以便在输出时获得最佳结果。我们需要根据设备的电源要求选择任何设备或电路的电源。In this experiment, we are making an adjustable power supply, which will give voltage in a range of 0 – 15V with 1A as maximum current

The electronic devices are very sensitive to the fluctuations in the power fed to them. This problem can be solved by using regulated power supply for them. This [[wysiwyg_imageupload::]]project about power supply circuit is equipped with an adjustable voltage regulator to adjust the output in accordance with the requirement. Adjustable voltage regulators have both line and load regulation which is better than standard fixed regulators. The circuit is made using following active and passive electronic components: 1. Bridge Rectifier2. Resistors3. Capacitors 4. Variable Resistors.5. Linear Voltage Regulator IC

The major concern in driving the LED is about the constant DC supply at the input of LED. Any unwanted fluctuation in the voltage at the input of LED can damage it. The excess flow of current through LED greater than the LED forward current rating can increase its temperature and this will damage the LED. Therefore the role of constant voltage LED supply is very important in this scenario. In this experiment, a driver circuit is designed which gives a constant voltage of 12V at the output with maximum current of 1A.

顾名思义，电源是任何电路的电源提供商。每个电子电路都需要在输入的输入下进行适当的电源，以便在输出时获得最佳结果。我们需要根据设备的电源要求选择任何设备或电路的电源。在此实验中，我们正在制作可调节的电源，该电源将在0-30V的范围内以2A为2A作为最大电流。

MicroPython is an implementation of Python 3 for microcontrollers. It’s an awesome firmware that combines the powerful features of Python programming language with the low-level access of microcontrollers. Following is a list of microcontrollers supported by the MicroPython framework. Arch Mix, Actinius icarus, Arduino Nano RP2040 Connect, Arduino Primo, B_L072Z_LRWAN1, B_L475E_IOT01A, blueio_tag_evim, C3 mini, CERB40,…

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Networking applications consume a lot of power. If such applications are battery-powered, there’s a risk the battery will exhaust because of the high power demands of networking functions. Frequently, power is also wasted in non-essential microcontroller activities. For example, the power might remain on for various built-in peripherals irrespective of their use or relevance in…

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The majority of sensors have an analog output. Few sensors come with a built-in controller and can stream the output measurements over a digital protocol. That is why analog to digital conversion is one of the basic features that every microcontroller/port has. The other basic features include digital input/output, analog output, PWM generation, and serial…

A battery-management system (BMS) is an electronic system or circuit that monitors the charging, discharging, temperature, and other factors influencing the state of a battery or battery pack. It’s used to monitor and maintain the health and capacity of a battery. Today’s BMS devices are advanced and will often provide pop-up notifications as you’ve likely…

In the previous tutorial, we discussed the basics of the I2C protocol. In most of the embedded devices, either UART otherwise I2C is used for console messages. In this tutorial, we will discuss serial communication in Raspberry Pi using the I2C protocol. I2C in Raspberry Pi For serial communication over the I2C protocol, the Broadcom…

在本教程中，将设计12V铅酸电池的恒定电压充电器。可以以不同的方式或模式为铅酸电池充电。在本教程中，将设计一个恒定电压充电器，用于为铅酸电池充电。需要提供电池有限的电流，该电流一旦在充电过程中达到峰值端子电压后饱和。根据12V电池的每个电池电压，电池的最大额定电压从13.5 V到14.6 V.在本教程中，充电器电路旨在为具有14.4 V的峰值端子电压充电。